Jerome K. Jerome

Jerome Klapka Jerome (2 May 1859 – 14 June 1927) was an English writer and humorist, best known for the humorous travelogue Three Men in a Boat. He was a friend of J. M. Barrie and member of the Allahakbarries cricket team. Other works by him include the essay collections Idle Thoughts of an Idle Fellow and Second Thoughts of an Idle Fellow; Three Men on the Bummel, a sequel to Three Men in a Boat; and several other novels.

Early life
Jerome was the fourth child of Jerome Clapp (who later renamed himself Jerome Clapp Jerome), an ironmonger and lay preacher who dabbled in architecture, and Marguerite Jones. He had two sisters, Paulina and Blandina, and one brother, Milton, who died at an early age. Jerome was registered, like his father's amended name, as Jerome Clapp Jerome, and the Klapka appears to be a later variation (after the exiled Hungarian general György Klapka). Owing to bad investments in the local mining industry, the family suffered poverty, and debt collectors often visited, an experience Jerome described vividly in his autobiography My Life and Times (1926).

The young Jerome wished to go into politics or be a man of letters, but the death of his father at age 13, and his mother at age 15, forced him to quit his studies and find work to support himself. He was employed at the London and North Western Railway, initially collecting coal that fell along the railway, and remained there for four years.

Acting career and early literary works
In 1877, inspired by his older sister Blandina's love for the theatre, Jerome decided to try his hand at acting, under the stage name Harold Crichton. He joined a repertory troupe that produced plays on a shoestring budget, often drawing on the actors' own meagre resources – Jerome was penniless at the time – to purchase costumes and props. After three years on the road and with no evident success, the 21-year-old Jerome decided he had had enough with stage life, and sought other occupations. He tried to become a journalist, writing essays, satires and short stories, but most of these were rejected. Over the next few years he was a school teacher, a packer, and a solicitor's clerk. Finally, in 1885, he had some success with On the Stage — and Off, a comic memoir of his experiences with the acting troupe. Idle Thoughts of an Idle Fellow, a collection of humorous essays, followed in 1886. On 21 June 1888, Jerome married Georgina Elizabeth Henrietta Stanley Marris (a.k.a. Ettie), nine days after she had divorced her first husband. She had a daughter from her previous, five-year marriage, nicknamed Elsie (her actual name was also Georgina). The honeymoon took place on the River Thames "in a little boat," a fact which was to have a significant influence on his next, and most important work, Three Men in a Boat.

Three Men in a Boat and later career
Jerome sat down to write Three Men in a Boat as soon as the couple returned from their honeymoon. In the novel, his wife was replaced by his longtime friends George Wingrave (George) and Carl Hentschel (Harris). This allowed him to create comic (and non-sentimental) situations which were nonetheless intertwined with the history of the Thames region. The book, published in 1889, became an instant success and is still in print. Its popularity was such that the number of registered Thames boats went up fifty percent in the year following its publication, and it contributed significantly to the Thames becoming a tourist attraction.

In its first twenty years alone, the book sold over a million copies worldwide. It has been adapted to movies, TV and radio shows, stage plays, and even a musical. Its writing style influenced many humorists and satirists in England and elsewhere.

With the financial security the sales of the book provided, Jerome was able to dedicate all of his time to writing. He wrote a number of plays, essays and novels, but was never able to recapture the success of Three Men in a Boat. In 1892 he was chosen by Robert Barr (over Rudyard Kipling) to edit The Idler. The magazine was an illustrated satirical monthly catering to gentlemen (who, following the theme of the publication, appreciated idleness). In 1893 he founded To-Day, but had to withdraw from both publications because of financial difficulties and a libel suit.

In 1898, a short stay in Germany inspired Three Men on the Bummel, a sequel to Three Men in a Boat. While reintroducing the same characters in the setting of a foreign bicycle tour, the book was nonetheless unable to capture the life-force and historic roots of its predecessor, and it enjoyed only a mild success. In 1902 he published the novel Paul Kelver, which is widely regarded as autobiographical. His 1908 play The Passing of the Third Floor Back introduced a more sombre and religious Jerome. This was a tremendous commercial success but was condemned by critics – Max Beerbohm described it as "vilely stupid" and as written by a "tenth-rate writer".

World War I and last years
Jerome volunteered to serve his country at the outbreak of the war, but, being 56 years old, was rejected by the British Army. Eager to serve in some capacity, he volunteered as an ambulance driver for the French Army. The war experience was said to have dampened his spirit, as did the death in 1921 of his stepdaughter, Elsie.

In 1926, Jerome published his autobiography, My Life and Times. Shortly afterwards, the Borough of Walsall conferred on him the title Freeman of the Borough. During these last years, Jerome spent more time at his farmhouse in Ewelme near Wallingford, Oxfordshire.

In June 1927, on a motoring tour from Devon to London via Cheltenham and Northampton, Jerome suffered a paralytic stroke and a cerebral haemorrhage. He lay in Northampton General Hospital for two weeks before succumbing on 14 June. He was cremated at Golders Green and his ashes buried at St Mary's Church, Ewelme, Oxfordshire. Elsie, Ettie, and his sister Blandina are buried beside him. A museum dedicated to his life and works now exists at his birth home in Walsall.

Influence
The route up the Thames of Three Men in a Boat was reproduced in a 2005 BBC documentary by comedians Dara Ó Briain, Rory McGrath, and Griff Rhys Jones.

Connie Willis's time-travel novel To Say Nothing of the Dog has the characters of Three Men in a Boat make a brief appearance while they were on their Thames trip. The reference is to the full title of the original book; Three Men in a Boat (To Say Nothing of the Dog).

Novels

 * Idle Thoughts of an Idle Fellow (1886)
 * Three Men in a Boat (To Say Nothing of the Dog) (1889)
 * Diary of a Pilgrimage (and Six Essays) (1891) (full text)
 * Novel Notes (1893)
 * Second Thoughts of an Idle Fellow (1898)
 * Three Men on the Bummel (aka Three Men on Wheels) (1900)
 * Paul Kelver, a novel (1902)
 * Tommy and Co (1904)
 * They and I (1909)
 * All Roads Lead to Calvary (1919)
 * Anthony John (1923)
 * The Love of Ulrich Nebendahl (1909)
 * The Philosopher's Joke (1909)

Collections

 * Told After Supper (1891)
 * John Ingerfield: And Other Stories (1894)
 * Sketches in Lavender, Blue and Green (1895)
 * The Observations of Henry (1901)
 * The Angel and the Author and Others (1904)
 * American Wives and Others (1904)
 * The Passing of the Third Floor Back: And Other Stories (1907)
 * Malvina of Brittany (1916)
 * ''A miscellany of sense and nonsense from the writings of Jerome K. Jerome. Selected by the author with many apologies, with forty-three illustrations by Will Owen. 1924
 * Three Men in a Boat and Three Men on the Bummel (1974)
 * After Supper Ghost Stories: And Other Tales (1985)

Autobiography

 * My Life and Times (1926)

Anthologies containing stories by Jerome K. Jerome

 * Great Short Stories of Detection, Mystery and Horror 1st Series (1928)
 * A Century of Humour (1934)
 * The Mammoth Book of Thrillers, Ghosts and Mysteries (1936)
 * Alfred Hitchcock Presents (1957)
 * Famous Monster Tales (1967)
 * The 5th Fontana Book of Great Ghost Stories (1969)
 * The Rivals of Frankenstein (1975)
 * The 17th Fontana Book of Great Ghost Stories (1981)
 * Stories in the Dark (1984)
 * Gaslit Nightmares (1988)
 * Horror Stories (1988)
 * 100 Tiny Tales of Terror (1996)
 * Knights of Madness: Further Comic Tales of Fantasy (1998)
 * 100 Hilarious Little Howlers (1999)

Short stories

 * The Haunted Mill (1891)
 * The New Utopia (1891)
 * The Dancing Partner (1893)
 * Evergreens
 * Christmas Eve in the Blue Chamber
 * Silhouettes
 * The Skeleton
 * The Snake
 * The Woman of the Saeter

Plays

 * The Maister of Wood Barrow: play in three acts (1890)
 * The Night of 14 Feb.. 1899: a play in nine scenes
 * Miss Hobbs: a comedy in four acts (1902)
 * Fanny and the Servant Problem, a quite possible play in four acts (1909)
 * ''The Master of Mrs. Chilvers: an improbable comedy, imagined by Jerome K. Jerome (1911)
 * The Celebrity: a play in three acts (1926)
 * Robina's Web ("The Dovecote", or "The grey feather"): a farce in four acts
 * The Passing of the Third Floor Back (1908) (adapted as a film in 1935)